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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1984, Vol. 38(4), 245–251.
Published: 01 April 1984
Abstract
A guiding premise of occupational therapy practice is that it is beneficial to allow clients freedom of choice in selecting and participating in activities. This study examined subjects’ affective responses to having or lacking freedom of choice in completing an activity and explored how those responses might differ when subjects did the activity in individual as opposed to group settings. Forty female undergraduate and graduate students participated in an origami activity under four different experimental conditions: a) individual–choice; b) individual–no choice; c) group–choice; and d) group–no choice. Afterward, each subject rated how she felt about herself while participating in the activity by using Osgood’s semantic differential designed to elicit responses in terms of three affective factors: evaluation, power, and activity. Data analysis revealed an interaction between the two independent variables on the power factor such that subjects who were not permitted choice responded significantly differently from those who were permitted choice only in the group setting. Implications of this finding for occupational therapy practice are discussed.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(6), 381–387.
Published: 01 June 1982
Abstract
The premise that activities have inherent meanings is basic to the theory and practice of occupational therapy. In this study the investigators hypothesized that different activities would elicit different kinds of affective meanings in their participants. The subjects in this study were 59 students beginning their training in occupational therapy. On their first day in an activities class, and before instruction in activity analysis, the subjects were presented with four selected activities. Immediately after performing each activity, the students were requested to rate the activity according to Osgood’s 12-scale short-form semantic differential. The data generated were reduced subsequently to Osgood’s three factors of affective meaning: “evaluation,” “power,” and “activity” (in this study called action). Results indicated that the four activities elicited significantly different responses on all three factors. Specific results and implications of this study’s methodology for future occupational therapy research are discussed.