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1-4 of 4
reflex, tonic neck
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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1985, Vol. 39(3), 178–180.
Published: 01 March 1985
Abstract
An Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Rating Scale was applied to data from 40 normal 3- and 5-year-old children. Raw scores representing degrees of elbow flexion in response to passive head rotation were converted using a four-point scale, and the results of eight trials in quadrupedal posture were summed. These results reinforce those of previous studies: the mean inhibition scores increased with age, whereas the variance decreased. Results also support further development of normative data for clinical use of the scale.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1984, Vol. 38(6), 386–392.
Published: 01 June 1984
Abstract
In this study, the intensity of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) was measured in post-cerebrovascular accident (CVA) adults with hemiplegia and in neurologically intact adults to determine if the reflex exaggerated following CVA. Fourteen subjects with right and left hemiplegia were matched to neurologically intact subjects by age and sex and tested for the ATNR. Intensity of the reflex was measured using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback. The results indicate that no difference exists between the two groups in intensity of the reflex. The method of rotation used to elicit the reflex did significantly affect the strength of the muscle response. A possible explanation for observation of the reflex in the hemiplegic individual’s movement and its significance in neuromuscular re-education programs is discussed.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1983, Vol. 37(7), 462–465.
Published: 01 July 1983
Abstract
Although the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is commonly used as one clinical assessment when evaluating children with suspected sensory integration deficits, maturational lags, or behavioral dysfunctions, observations are limited on the degree of this reflex in normal children at different age levels. A quantitative rating scale that indicates the degree of integration of the ATNR in normal first and third grade children is presented for purposes of comparison with the “suspect” child. A Procedure for testing this reflex is described using the quadrupedal position, four sequences of lateral head rotation, and a rating scale consisting of four components. Using this ATNR rating scale, scores can be derived that could serve as a guide in determining whether the residual ATNR is comparable to that of normal subjects of the same age.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1983, Vol. 37(2), 102–109.
Published: 01 February 1983
Abstract
Normative data were obtained for 156 pre-school children’s performances on measures of muscle tone, muscle co-contraction, standing balance, prone extension posture, flexion supine posture, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, and postrotary nystagmus. Regression analysis indicated that these combined variables accounted for only 13.5 percent of the variance of postrotary nystagmus of 145 four year olds. However, if the data are examined only for children exhibiting nystagmus that is lower than 1 standard deviation below the mean, then these variables account for 50 percent of the variance of nystagmus. Prone extension posture, standing balance-eyes closed, and muscle tone account for 37 percent of the variance within this low-nystagmus population. These results are considered in light of the author’s previous studies demonstrating that, in learning-disabled children, vestibular-proprioceptive measures can be used clinically to predict which children will respond to sensory integration therapy with changes in postrotary nystagmus. These changes, according to sensory integration theory, reflect positive responses to therapy.