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1-13 of 13
pathologic nystagmus
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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2015, Vol. 69(4), 6904220010p1–6904220010p11.
Published: 23 June 2015
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To define neonatal social characteristics related to autism risk. METHOD. Sixty-two preterm infants underwent neonatal neurobehavioral testing. At age 2 yr, participants were assessed with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. RESULTS. Positive autism screening was associated with absence of gaze aversion, χ = 5.90, p =.01, odds ratio = 5.05, and absence of endpoint nystagmus, χ = 4.78, p = .02, odds ratio = 8.47. Demonstrating gaze aversion was related to better language outcomes, t(55) = −3.07, p ≤ .003. Displaying endpoint nystagmus was related to better language outcomes, t(61) = −3.06, p = .003, cognitive outcomes, t(63) = −5.04, p < .001, and motor outcomes, t(62) = −2.82, p = .006. CONCLUSION. Atypical social interactions were not observed among infants who later screened positive for autism. Instead, the presence of gaze aversion and endpoint nystagmus was related to better developmental outcomes. Understanding early behaviors associated with autism may enable early identification and lead to timely therapy activation to improve function.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1990, Vol. 44(7), 658–660.
Published: 01 July 1990
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(7), 475–477.
Published: 01 July 1989
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1984, Vol. 38(8), 535–540.
Published: 01 August 1984
Abstract
This study assessed the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT)-stimulated nystagmus under three conditions of indoor illumination (bright, dim, and dark), and it studied the concurrent validity of SCPNT and electronystagmographic (ENG) measures of nystagmus duration and excursion. Eighteen adult subjects received three sets of rotations to the left under different lighting conditions in a counterbalanced order. The duration and excursion of the SCPNT were monitored under the bright and dim conditions, and ENG-recorded duration, excursion, frequency, slow-phase velocity, and average intersaccadic interval were measured under all three lighting conditions. No significant differences were found between nystagmus duration or excursion under the bright and dim conditions, but highly significant differences were found between the dark condition and the other two conditions. The correlation between ENG-recorded duration and SCPNT visually monitored duration across bright and dim conditions was .73, and the correlation for excursion was .24. These results suggest that occupational therapy researchers and clinicians need not question the validity of SCPNT procedures under different indoor lighting conditions, and suggest that the concurrent validity of ENG recordings and SCPNT measures requires more study.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1983, Vol. 37(4), 260–265.
Published: 01 April 1983
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nystagmus response in school-age children with Down’s syndrome. The 35 subjects were between 5 and 9 years of age and were enrolled in public school programs for the educable and trainable mentally retarded in the northern metropolitan areas of Utah. The Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) was administered with slightly modified verbal instructions. Durations of nystagmus for the subjects with Down’s syndrome were compared with Ayres’ normative data from the SCPNT using a t-test for two independent means. Results indicated there was a significant reduction in the duration of nystagmus in the children with Down’s syndrome when compared to Ayres’ sample of normal children; however, there was no significant difference between males and females with Down’s syndrome in duration of postrotary nystagmus.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(10), 657–663.
Published: 01 October 1982
Abstract
This study explores the effect of a program of sensory integration therapy, with emphasis on vestibular stimulation activities, on the duration of postrotary nystagmus in three learning-disabled children. The single-subject methodology employed allowed a more individualistic and longitudinal investigation of nystagmus patterns in the three subjects. The graphic and statistical analysis of the data revealed that two of the three subjects evidenced significant changes in postrotary nystagmus durations over the 25-week period of the study. Subject 1, with initially low nystagmus durations, displayed an increase in duration, whereas subject 2, with initially normal postrotary nystagmus durations, exhibited a response decline in nystagmus durations. The postrotary nystagmus durations of subject 2 remained relatively stable across both the baseline and intervention periods. The therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed, and areas in need of additional investigation are highlighted.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(3), 183–187.
Published: 01 March 1982
Abstract
A comparison study was conducted in which 372 subjects, ages 3 through 10 years, were tested by using the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. The purpose of the study was to determine the generalizability of the original normative data for the test by using a larger sample and an expanded age range of subjects. A comparison of these data from the comparison study with the original normative data showed close agreement. No significant differences in vestibular responsivity were obtained for age, sex, or interaction. Test-retest reliability was comparable to that found for the original normative group. The results of the comparison study were consistent with the original normative data and suggest that they may be applied to subjects from 3 through 10 years of age.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(3), 177–182.
Published: 01 March 1982
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of state on nystagmus duration following administration of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT). Twenty-four normal children, 12 first-graders and 12 fourth-graders, were administered the SCPNT under three conditions: aroused, relaxed, and alert (standard instructions). Six boys and six girls in each grade participated. First-grade boys and fourth-grade girls demonstrated a statistically significant response decline in the aroused condition, and a further decline in the relaxed condition as compared to the alert condition. Further analyses demonstrated that the first-grade boys accounted for most of the variance. Possible reasons for the results obtained are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(7), 443–450.
Published: 01 July 1981
Abstract
A preliminary investigation was conducted into the relationship of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT), the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT), and clinical observations accompanying these tests to evaluations in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and audiology. The subjects were two children with vestibularly based sensory integrative dysfunction. The results revealed that there was no agreement between the results of the SCPNT and the otolaryngological evaluation. There was some agreement between the ophthalmology evaluation and the clinical observations accompanying the SCSIT. Both subjects scored poorly in two areas of auditory processing. Possible reasons for these results are discussed as well as implications for occupational therapy research and practice.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(6), 383–390.
Published: 01 June 1981
Abstract
The relationship between language development and sensory integration was explored through single case experimental studies of one female and three male aphasic children ranging in age from 4 years, 0 months to 5 years, 3 months. Other agencies had assessed all the children in the area of language development at least 6 months before the start of occupational therapy. Three of the four children had received either speech therapy, special education specific to aphasia, or both, before starting occupational therapy. Additional baseline data on language expression and comprehension, as well as on sensory integrative functioning, were gathered before beginning a year of occupational therapy that involved sensory integration procedures. Inspection of rate of language growth before and after starting occupational therapy showed a consistent increase in rate of growth in language comprehensive concomitant with occupational therapy compared to previous growth rate. The two children with depressed postrotary nystagmus demonstrated notable gains on expressive language measures.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(1), 21–25.
Published: 01 January 1981
Abstract
A normative comparison was carried out on the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. Two hundred and twenty two (222) children, ages five to nine, from Syracuse, New York, were compared with the original Los Angeles sample of 226. In analyzing the Syracuse data, no significant differences were found in duration of postrotary nystagmus by age, sex, or age/sex interaction. Comparison of the Syracuse with the Los Angeles data revealed significantly different means and standard deviations, with the effect that the cut-off point for diagnosing prolonged nystagmus shifted upward. It was concluded that postrotary nystagmus is a consistent measure unaffected by age or six in normal five- to nine-year-olds, but that in view of the differences between the Syracuse and Los Angeles data, care should be taken in diagnosing prolonged postrotary nystagmus.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1980, Vol. 34(6), 382–386.
Published: 01 June 1980
Abstract
Therapists who evaluate the sensorimotor functions of autistic children have become increasingly interested in monitoring their responses to vestibular stimulation. In this study, the duration of the nystagmus reflex is visually monitored and then measured by means of a stop-watch. Each of 7 autistic subjects received 18 sessions (36 trials) of horizontal semicircular canal stimulation during a period of 25 days. In each trial a graduated acceleration in a hand-operated rotating chair preceded an abrupt stop, with a rapid deceleration from 180° / second to 0° / second. Although subject option (intentional response) imposes limitations on the data interpretation, inspection of the nystagmus functions over time suggests the following: substantial trial-to-trial variability; substantial subject-to-subject variability; greater scores following trials to the subjects’ left (the direction of the second trial in each session) than to the right (the direction of the first); and no evidence of consistent change for most subjects in nystagmus duration across the 36 trials. Implications for clinical evaluation of nystagmus are discussed.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1980, Vol. 34(1), 40–44.
Published: 01 January 1980
Abstract
The Southern California Sensory Integration Test results of 109 learning-disabled children were reviewed and analyzed to investigate the hypothesis that learning-disabled children with excessive postrotary nystagmus durations display greater neuropsychological impairment than learning-disabled children with normal or depressed postrotary nystagmus. The findings supported the hypothesis that learning-disabled children judged to have relatively greater neuropsychological involvement exhibited significantly longer postrotary nystagmus durations. Data analysis revealed that six Southern California Sensory Integration Tests assumed to measure cortical level functions shared significant variance with excessive Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) scores. A similar relationship was not found for normal or depressed SCPNT scores. A connection between cortical level versus brainstem level central nervous system dysfunction, nystagmus, and learning disorder is discussed.