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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1987, Vol. 41(8), 505–509.
Published: 01 August 1987
Abstract
This paper describes an operant approach to the remediation of the behavioral aspects of attention deficits in three mentally impaired subjects. Two of the subjects also displayed severe atypical psychiatric disorders. Contingent reinforcement within an ABAC experimental design was used to increase levels of attending behavior. The efficacy of this approach within a group setting was demonstrated. Results suggest that some forms of additional deficit may be treated behaviorally despite differing etiologies of the cognitive deficit. The implications for occupational therapy are discussed within the context of the design of the ward program.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1987, Vol. 41(4), 222–226.
Published: 01 April 1987
Abstract
This article discusses community residences that in 1983 replaced two large institutional facilities for retarded persons in Florida. Twenty-six of these residences, or clusters, usually housing 24 clients each, are located throughout the state. The clusters are designed to normalize the living conditions of the mentally retarded, increase their safety, and place them close to society and their families. Medical and social services, including occupational therapy, are made available to all residents of the clusters. This article focuses on one of these clusters, with special emphasis on the role and scope of occupational therapy services within this unique setting. Special problems and experiences encountered in the delivery of occupational therapy services to the profoundly and severely retarded clients in the clusters are explored.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1987, Vol. 41(4), 227–231.
Published: 01 April 1987
Abstract
Thirty-four mentally retarded, institutionalized adults were subjects in a study of the effects of sensorimotor integrative treatment procedures on sensorimotor development. The 25 subjects in the experimental group received group sensorimotor integrative treatment in addition to regular institutional programming; the 9 subjects in the control group received only the regular institutional programming. The Sensorimotor Performance Analysis was used to test sensorimotor performance of all subjects four times during the 12-month study. Results showed that both the experimental group and the control group made gains in sensorimotor development, with no significant differences between groups. The findings indicate that treatment procedures for improving sensorimotor development of the mentally retarded adult need further examination so that appropriate modalities can be developed. Periodic reassessment of the client following completion of treatment is suggested because of possible delays in improvement of sensorimotor development.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1985, Vol. 39(9), 589–595.
Published: 01 September 1985
Abstract
We tested the following groups for visual pursuit abilities: 54 mentally retarded, 46 cerebral-palsied, and 131 learning-disabled children, 3 to 10 years of age. The resulting five behavioral scores, six directions, and total scores were analyzed for age trends. Comparisons were made between the handicapped groups and between the handicapped and normative samples. The scores were also correlated with other visual and postural abilities. All three handicapped groups scored lower than the normative group and also showed patterns different from the normative group and different from each other. The learning-disabled group most closely approximated the normative group’s development patterns. Educational data were not able to be used, and we suggest that future research examine the correlations (both in handicapped and nonhandicapped children) of ocular pursuits and educational achievement, and also obtain more complete data on cerebral-palsied children. Therapists may find the visual pursuits test useful particularly when they want to evaluate a number of aspects of ocular pursuit functioning or when they desire more precision than what is usually available by simple observation.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1984, Vol. 38(1), 40–43.
Published: 01 January 1984
Abstract
People with problems of visual sequencing and impaired immediate memory have difficulty placing telephone calls independently. A Call Aid, created from an inexpensive spiral-bound pad of 3 x 5 inch cards, enabled people with visual sequencing problems to make a telephone call independently. In a pre-test, post-test study, nine of ten trainable mentally handicapped adolescents, IQ range 40-55, were able to dial successfully immediately after training and 1 week later. Construction of the Call Aid is described.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1982, Vol. 36(1), 36–41.
Published: 01 January 1982
Abstract
Effects of specific vestibular stimulation and speech therapy on language ability in mentally retarded children were examined. Thirty subjects were assigned to three treatment groups on the basis of the rank order of overall scores on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability in Children (PICAC). Group I received specific vestibular input in addition to specific speech therapy. Group II received specific speech therapy alone. Group III received general speech stimulation. Treatment was given during a 6-week period, Group I receiving semicircular canal stimulation twice a week. Results indicated that all three treatments produce some improvement in general communication skills. Group I showed higher mean percentage gains in all areas of the PICAC, especially verbal, except visual and gestural in which Group II (specific speech) showed highest gains. However, analysis of variance indicated that these differences among groups were not significant. The hypothetical connection between the vestibular stimulation and language ability or acquisition and implications for future research are discussed.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(12), 775–781.
Published: 01 December 1981
Abstract
This study measures the effect of a vestibular stimulation program on the stereotypic rocking behavior of three severely mentally retarded persons within both experimental and natural settings. A multiple baseline design was used. Frequency and duration of stereotypic rocking behavior were measured by a partial-interval time sample. Results indicated a statistically significant reduction of both frequency and duration of rocking behavior directly after receiving vestibular stimulation and 1 hour after stimulation. The rocking behavior remained reduced after 6 days without the vestibular stimulation program. It was concluded that vestibular stimulation resulted in a reduction of the stereotypic rocking behavior of these subjects.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(11), 728–735.
Published: 01 November 1981
Abstract
In this article the literature on gaming technique is reviewed as applied to life simulation experiences. The gaming technique is the use or the adaptation of existing games or the development of training games. Training games are useful educational tools to teach daily living skills to the mild to moderate mentally retarded population and other individuals with learning deficits. The author discusses the application of games to a variety of training situations in the occupational therapy clinic and summarizes techniques for making an adaptation of or for constructing games. Four games are included: a pegboard game, a friendship or socialization game, a money-calculator game, and a disaster game.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1981, Vol. 35(6), 375–382.
Published: 01 June 1981
Abstract
This article provides conceptualizations of play as a learning and survival behavior and presents findings of a study of the use of games with mentally retarded adults. In this study the aim was to describe both how therapists can use games as therapeutic media and how changes can be observed in the subjects. The study identifies a number of therapeutic strategies that did enhance the play of the subjects. Along with increases in play, improvement in motor behavior, cognitive abilities, affect, attention, self-confidence, and social interaction was observed.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1980, Vol. 34(4), 252–258.
Published: 01 April 1980
Abstract
An ongoing project is described in which qualitative research was undertaken to guide development of a service program for retarded adults. Several issues concerning the need for research, the type of research, and research methodology appropriate to occupational therapy are discussed. The research activity as well as some findings and supporting data is presented to illustrate how the investigation was conducted and what kinds of information it yielded. Two subsequent discussions focus on how the findings were used to guide program development and add substantive empirical support to occupational behavior theory.