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Helen Cohen
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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1996, Vol. 50(7), 561–568.
Published: 01 July 1996
Abstract
Neuroscience and occupational therapy in physical rehabilitation have developed along parallel tracks. As physicians began to study the neural bases of motor control, they also began to reconsider the sequelae of “hopeless” diagnoses as conditions that they could influence. This change in some phyicians’ understanding of the neural mechanisms of motor control influenced other clinicians’ ideas about patient care. Early work on treatment of patients with cerebral palsy and polio led to improvements in treatment approaches used to facilitate motor skill and functional motor ability in patients with upper motor neuron disorders. From the 1950s to the present, therapists have refined their treatment techniques as knowledge from neuroscience has become available. A few therapists, who are gradually increasing in number, have turned to the laboratory to study basic neuroscience problems that affect clinical treatment. This article describes the development of neuroscience research and neurorehabilitation theories and indicates common themes.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1995, Vol. 49(4), 362–367.
Published: 01 April 1995
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1994, Vol. 48(10), 919–925.
Published: 01 October 1994
Abstract
This article reviews recent research that addresses the functional outcomes of intervention for vestibular disorders. Vestibular impairments cause disequilibrium, blurred vision, disorientation, and vertigo. These sensory disturbances and motor impairments in turn cause dysfunction in many activities of daily living and in social interactions that traditional medical treatments do not address. The motor sequelae of some vestibular disorders can be treated successfully with programs of graded exercises and activities, the functional implications of which are described herein. The functional impairments caused by other vestibular disorders, which cannot be treated with graded activities, are also described. These disorders include bilateral vestibular loss caused by connective tissue disorders or by the use of ototoxic medications, tumors of the labyrinth or vestibular nerve, and Meniere’s disease. Occupational therapy intervention for these conditions may involve providing adaptive equipment, teaching alternative strategies for performing activities of daily living, and psychological intervention for depression and anxiety.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1993, Vol. 47(3), 275–276.
Published: 01 March 1993
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1993, Vol. 47(1), 87.
Published: 01 January 1993
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1991, Vol. 45(2), 183.
Published: 01 February 1991
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(7), 475–477.
Published: 01 July 1989
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(5), 289–290.
Published: 01 May 1989
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(5), 331–338.
Published: 01 May 1989
Abstract
The vestibular system contributes to the generation of conjugate eye movements, spatial orientation, and postural control. The functional connections of the vestibular end-organs and of the descending vestibulospinal pathways and their importance to postural control were reviewed in the previous paper by Keshner and Cohen (pp. 320–330). This paper reviews the ascending vestibular pathways, the visual/vestibular interactions, and the role of the vestibular system in oculomotor control and spatial orientation.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(5), 320–330.
Published: 01 May 1989
Abstract
This paper reviews the research findings that support the presence of vestibulospinal reflexes in corrections for head and body instability. Studies of the importance of labyrinthine inputs to the central nervous system organization of eye, head, and body movements demonstrate that the vestibular nuclei are more than a simple relay station for labyrinthine activity. At all levels of the vestibular system beyond the primary vestibular afferents, parallel processing of labyrinthine signals occurs with input from other sensory systems. Thus, output of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) is not equivalent to the labyrinthine input. It is the VNC output that influences motor behavior. Various sensory inputs are available to the nervous system to detect and correct postural instability. Most notably, vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive signals contribute significantly to the stabilizing responses in humans. The intent of this paper is to review experimental results rather than to discuss treatment interventions. Wherever possible, conclusions are drawn as to the clinical implications of current research findings.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1988, Vol. 42(9), 596–600.
Published: 01 September 1988
Abstract
A research paper includes several sections, each section having a particular purpose and containing a particular kind of information. This paper is a guide to reading a research paper. It describes the prototypical research paper and explains the purpose for each section. Issues for the astute reader to note are indicated and illustrated with examples from a research paper published in this issue of the journal.