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1-7 of 7
Cynthia Creighton
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Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1997, Vol. 51(1), 70–73.
Published: 01 January 1997
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1995, Vol. 49(8), 775–779.
Published: 01 September 1995
Abstract
Objective. When a person is hospitalized, he or she enters an environment in which time is structured very differently than it is in everyday life. Research with healthy young subjects in sleep laboratories has indicated that disruption in activity-rest cycles significantly affects mood, physical skills, and cognitive performance. Older persons whose daily routines are upset when they become patients in a hospital may be even more vulnerable to performance deficits. This pilot study was implemented in a regional rehabilitation center as an initial step in exploring the relationships between variations in schedule and geriatric patients’ functioning while hospitalized. Method. Single-subject methodology was used to study six elderly fracture patients’ responses to the addition of an afternoon nap to their daily routine. Data were collected each morning and afternoon, during “nap” and “no nap” weeks, with simple measures of alertness, concentration, strength, coordination, and reaction time. Results. Tendencies toward late afternoon drowsiness and, in some cases, improved cognitive performance, were observed when naps were provided. Conclusion. Data about the ways in which hospital routine affects performance can guide occupational therapists in advocating for balanced programs of activity and rest for older rehabilitation patients.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1995, Vol. 49(4), 311–317.
Published: 01 April 1995
Abstract
In this pilot study, qualitative methodology was used to examine the clinical reasoning of four experienced occupational therapists as they presented and modified therapeutic activities to treat patients with spinal cord injuries. The therapists demonstrated the multi-layered thinking discovered in previous research, but hierarchical structuring of knowledge emerged as an unexpectedly dominant theme in their reasoning. Examples of hierarchical thinking about therapeutic activity included creating mental files of therapy tasks and materials sequenced from elementary to advanced and determining the level of difficulty at which to present an activity in order to build the patient’s skills in a stepwise manner The therapists reported that they learned to make decisions about the use of activities in treatment by observing skilled clinicians and by treating patients.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1993, Vol. 47(8), 745–748.
Published: 01 August 1993
Abstract
Occupational therapists in all areas or practice grade therapeutic activities to help patients progress toward their goals. It is proposed in this paper that the concept of graded activity originated in German tuberculosis sanatoria in the late 1800’s, when patients were required to walk on graded (sloped) land for exercise. British physician Marcus Paterson included work, as well as walking, in his graduated exercise program for tuberculosis patients and was honored for this innovation at the founding meeting of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (NSPOT). George Barton, Susan Tracy, and Herbert Hall were among the NSPOT members who contributed to the development of graded activity as a principle in occupational therapy intervention. The military rehabilitation programs established during world War I provided additional impetus, and by the mid-1920s, graded activity was recognized as central to the profession.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1992, Vol. 46(1), 45–48.
Published: 01 January 1992
Abstract
Practitioners of occupational therapy in the early 1900s selected therapeutic activities with an intuitive understanding of their characteristics and operations. The term activity analysis and the methodology for breaking down and examining tasks scientifically, however, were borrowed from industry during World War I. Methods originally used in time and motion study of jobs were applied to vocational retraining and therapeutic crafts; later, they were applied to a broader range of activities. The most systematic early use of activity analysis was in occupational therapy for physical dysfunction, particularly in military hospitals. Development of the concept was gradual until the 1970s, when the delineation of theoretical frames of reference for practice led to important changes. Today, activity analysis is viewed as a multifaceted process that involves both generic and specific components.
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1989, Vol. 43(1), 44–46.
Published: 01 January 1989
Journal Articles
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 1985, Vol. 39(5), 331–334.
Published: 01 May 1985
Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship of a theoretical frame of reference to the implementation of a work-oriented program. Three frames of reference in occupational therapy are reviewed, and work-related theories and approaches available to therapists are categorized under each. Examples of the application of various frames of reference are given through an analysis of work programs described in the occupational therapy literature. We recommend that therapists select and apply frames of reference systematically when developing work programs to facilitate the development of a body of knowledge in this area.