Abstract
Date Presented 04/21/2023
Mealtime challenges in the school setting were explored using a mixed-methods research design. Data analysis showed that school practitioners use informal therapy processes to address mealtime challenges in schools. Practitioners expressed apprehension about supporting students with complex mealtime needs. Interprofessional collaboration among parents, school staff, and community providers and documentation of formal mealtime plans are two strategies to maximize student participation and safety.
Primary Author and Speaker: Danielle E. Helminger
Contributing Authors: Kimberly Hartmann
Mealtime is an essential occupation that occurs daily in the school setting for all learners. This study explored how school occupational therapy practitioners address mealtime challenges using a one-group, convergent mixed methods design. Participants were school occupational therapy practitioners who service pre-K to 5th-grade students. Data were collected using an electronic survey (n=195) and semi-structured interviews (n=11) to gain an in-depth understanding of therapeutic processes and practitioner experiences regarding mealtime challenges. Survey results indicated that 41% of practitioners evaluate mealtime using non-standardized methods like clinical observations (88%) and teacher interviews (78%). The most common mealtime interventions and outcomes reported by practitioners were self-feeding (73%) and independence with mealtime routines (37%). Interview themes described the informal processes practitioners use to address mealtime challenges and feelings of apprehension about supporting students with complex mealtime needs. Formal documentation and more frequent coordination between parents, school staff, and community providers are target areas for change. The development of clear practice guidelines at the local, state, and national level are critical tasks to empower this change. Keywords: mealtime, mealtime challenges, feeding challenges, school, special education, occupational therapy.
References
American Occupational Therapy Association. (2017). The practice of occupational therapy in feeding, eating, and swallowing. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 71(Suppl. 2), 7112410015. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716S04
Thoyre, S. M., Pados, B. F., Park, J., Estrem, H., McComish, C., & Hodges, E. A. (2018). The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool: Factor structure and psychometric properties. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 66(2), 299–305. https://10.1097/MPG.0000000000001765
